What‘s 5.8GHz Wireless?
5.8GHz wireless technology belongs to the open ISM band which is higher than 2.4GHz frequency and complies with 802.11a, FCC Part 15.
Both the 5.8GHz frequency band and 2.4GHz frequency belong to the Wi-Fi frequency band.
5.8GHz wifi channel
Channel Spectrum Width (Channel Bandwidth): 40MHz
42-5210MHz 5.21GHz
50-5250MHz 5.25GHz
58-5290MHz 5.29GHz
152-5760MHz 5.76GHz
160-5800MHz 5.8GHz
Channel Spectrum Width: 20MHz
36-5180MHz 5.18GHz
40-5200MHz 5.2GHz
44-5220MHz 5.22GHz
48-5240MHz 5.24GHz
52-5260MHz 5.26GHz
56-5280MHz 5.28GHz
60-5300MHz 5.3GHz
64-5320MHz 5.32GHz
149-5745MHz 5.745GHz
153-5765MHz 5.765GHz
157-5785MHz 5.785GHz
161-5805MHz 5.805GHz
165-5825MHz 5.825GHz
5.8GHz wireless principle
5.8GHz wireless products use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology and point-to-multipoint and point-to-point networking, and the rate of single sector is up to 54Mbps.
The 5.8GHz wireless technology system generally uses the direct sequence spread spectrum technology, which has more channels with higher frequency, so the anti-interference ability is relatively stronger.
At the same time, it can meet the needs of high-bandwidth applications to support a large number of users, eight non-overlapping channels make the deployment more scalable and flexible.
Therefore, 8 access points can be grouped together to provide up to 432Mbit/s shared throughput to support multiple users in the same area. This provides the most valuable high-performance network option for users who are not deploying a wireless LAN, and who are looking to add or expand their existing wireless LAN.
5.8GHz also uses IP-based or circuit-based wireless transmission technologies.
IP-based technology has a simple signaling protocol, easy implementation, low overhead, high spectrum utilization, a wide range of services, simple and uniform interface, and easy upgrade, and is especially suitable for non-connected data transmission services.
Circuit-based technology has low latency and is suitable for conducting traditional voice transmission and connection-based transmission services.
It also has a wide range of applications, in terms of frequency band 5.8GHz equipment can be used in urban or suburban areas, 5.8GHz wireless access service providers can be traditional operators or large enterprises and institutions; in terms of the transmission environment required by the system, 5.8GHz wireless access system can meet certain non-visible transmission requirements when using a relatively low modulation efficiency for low signal-to-noise ratio requirements.
5.8GHz Frequency band
5.8GHz wireless products provide three 100MHz U-NII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) bands for high-speed wireless data communications. These three 100MHz bands are.
5.15~5.25GHz, which provides for an EIRP not greater than 23dBm for indoor wireless communications.
5.25~5.35GHz, the EIRP is not greater than 30dBm, suitable for medium distance communication.
5.725~5.825GHz, usually people choose 5.725～5.825GHz for community broadband wireless access to get the better performance to price ratio.
5.8GHz wireless technology disadvantages
Various data show that the performance of 5.8GHz wireless technology is indeed better than 2.4GHz wireless transmission technology, but there are also some shortcomings: the wavelength of 5.8GHz is shorter, the bypass ability is poorer, and the transmission bandwidth is smaller than 2.4GHz.
Meanwhile, since 5.8GHz wireless technology is an open and rarely used frequency band, there is a long way to go for future development.
Prospect and development
After years of digging, 2.4GHz wireless technology has not much potential to dig, and the emergence of 5.8G wireless technology is a good solution to this problem, so 5.8GHz wireless technology is expected to be well developed and promoted.
Broadband Wireless Access
National Standards
5725 – 5850 MHz (5.8GHz) frequency band is used as the common frequency band for radio stations such as point-to-point or point-to-multipoint spread spectrum communication system, high-speed wireless LAN, broadband wireless access system, Bluetooth technology equipment, and vehicle wireless automatic identification system.
Meet the technical requirements of radio communications equipment in the 5725 – 5850MHz band with radio positioning services and industrial, scientific and medical, and other non-radio communications equipment to share frequencies, are the main services.
The main technical indicators of radio communication equipment
Operating frequency range: 5725 – 5850 MHz
Transmitted power: ≤ 500 mW and ≤ 27 dBm
Equivalent omnidirectional radiated power (EIRP): ≤ 2 W and ≤ 33 dBm
Maximum power spectral density: ≤ 13 dBm / MHz and ≤ 19 dBm / MHz (EIRP)
Carrier frequency tolerance: 20 ppm
Out-of-band emission power (EIRP): ≤ -80 dBm / Hz (≤ 5725 MHz or ≥ 5850 MHz)
Spurious emitted (radiated) power.
≤ -36 dBm / 100 kHz (30 ~ 1000 MHz)
≤-40 dBm / 1 MHz (2400 ~ 2483.5 MHz)
≤-40 dBm / 1 MHz (3400 ~ 3530 MHz)
≤ -33 dBm / 100 kHz (5725 ~ 5850 MHz) (Note: corresponds to a carrier beyond 2.5 times the channel bandwidth)
≤ -30 dBm / 1 MHz (other 1 ~ 40 GHz)
Radio transmitting equipment in the band of the RF part of its antenna must be designed and produced in accordance with the integration, its external adjustment or control device is used only for adjustment or control within the range of technical specifications approved by the model. When setting up use of other antennas or additional RF power amplifiers may not be used without permission.
Set up in the outdoor environment using a point-to-point communication mode of spread spectrum communication system or point-to-multipoint communication mode of wireless local area networks, wireless access systems, central stations, and other fixed radio stations, subject to the radio license.
Set up the use of 5.8 GHz band point-to-point or point-to-multipoint spread spectrum communication system, wireless LAN, broadband wireless access system radio stations, in principle, for public network wireless access communications, the operator must obtain the corresponding basic telecommunications business license.
To promote the effective sharing of multiple systems and technologies in the 5.725-5.85 GHz band, technological innovation in each system should be actively encouraged, and efforts should be made to enhance the anti-interference capability of their own systems in the coexistence environment and to enhance the reliability and availability of their work.
5.8GHz Wireless Features
Open Frequency Band
The 5.8 GHz band is an open band, unlike the 3.5 GHz or 26 GHz frequency points that require bidding for allocation, so it is relatively easy to obtain 5.8 GHz frequency points and only requires an application and filing with the local authorities. In the absence of other frequency bands available, it is undoubtedly an ideal choice for operators to apply for the 5.8GHz band.
Channel division and carrier bandwidth
The range of the 5.8GHz band is 125MHz from 5725MHz to 5850MHz, and the national authorities do not force the channel bandwidth and division of 5.8GHz equipment. Therefore, the channel division and carrier bandwidth of 5.8GHz devices from various manufacturers are different, ranging from 4-10 channels and 6MHz-35MHz channel bandwidth.
From the point of view of frequency planning and cellular networking, the more channels the better (at least 4-6 are needed without overlapping), which can well avoid interference; but on the other hand, if the channel bandwidth is too small, the service bandwidth will be smaller under the same modulation mode.
Therefore, from the comprehensive consideration of frequency planning and service bandwidth, it is reasonable to have both good frequency planning and wide service bandwidth, and the channel bandwidth of the 5.8GHz wireless technology system is 15MHz to 25MHz range.
Modulation mode and service bandwidth
5.8GHz band does not specify the range of upstream and downstream channels, so most 5.8GHz wireless technology systems use TDD mode in the air and share one channel for upstream and downstream. Its service bandwidth index generally refers to the sum of upstream and downstream service bandwidth.
The modulation methods of the 5.8GHz wireless access system include BPSK, QPSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, etc. The service bandwidth varies from 6Mbps to 70Mbps. The choice of modulation method is mainly related to the coverage distance and link condition.
Taking the channel bandwidth of 20MHz as an example, the service bandwidth can reach 18Mbps with the QPSK modulation method and 51Mbps with the 16QAM modulation method.
Propagation characteristics and coverage distance
5.8GHz wireless is affected by the rain rate very little as 3.5GHz, under the rain of 16mm/h, the rain fade is 0.06dB/KM, that is, 0.6dB per 10km, which is basically negligible when doing wireless link design.
For a single carrier 5.8GHz wireless technology system, line-of-sight is usually required between the base station and end station; for a 5.8GHz wireless technology system with OFDM technology, line-of-sight is not required between the base station and end station.
The coverage distance of 5.8GHz point-to-multipoint system can usually reach 5km-10km. The coverage distance is mainly related to the system modulation method, such as the coverage distance can reach 10 km when the QPSK method is used, and 5 km when the 16QAM method is used. For small and medium cities, 1-3 5.8GHz base stations with 4-6 sectors per base station can basically cover most of the urban area. 5.8GHz point-to-point system can cover up to 80km by using a parabolic directional antenna.
Protocol standard and QoS
The protocols used in the 5.8GHz bandwidth wireless access system are 802.11a, private protocol. There is no 5.8GHz wireless technology system developed completely based on the 802.16 standards.
In terms of QoS, most of the 5.8GHz systems support the maximum limit bandwidth, minimum guaranteed bandwidth, and multi-service flow priority guarantee. The multi-service flow priority guarantee identifies different service flows by discriminating the TOS field of IP packets and provides higher priority levels for video and VoIP service flows than ordinary IP services.
Thus, the quality of service of video and VoIP services is guaranteed. Because most 5.8GHz broadband wireless access systems are positioned as pure IP access and address voice access through VoIP, it is especially important to have multi-service stream priority assurance.
Internet cafe and phone bar access
5.8GHz broadband wireless access system can easily realize Internet cafe and IP phone bar access. For a sector service bandwidth of 50Mbps, each Internet cafe is allocated 5Mbps, then each sector can take 10 Internet cafes, and considering the dynamic bandwidth allocation, the actual bandwidth each Internet cafe gets is much larger than 5Mbps, which fully meets the bandwidth demand of general Internet cafes.
Integrated service access for large customers
Large customers include senior business users, large and medium-sized enterprises, campuses, etc. They have large bandwidth requirements and more business needs, including conference TV, voice, and data. Their conference TV, voice, and data demands can be transmitted through Over IP, and the bandwidth demand is generally in the range of 10Mbps-40Mbps.
The 5.8GHz wireless technology system can support a multi-service stream guarantee. By setting the TOS field of conference TV service stream and VoIP service stream, the 5.8GHz wireless technology system will judge different service streams according to the TOS field and put conference TV and VoIP service streams into high priority queue for priority processing. Therefore, the Internet service is guaranteed not to affect the conference TV and telephone services.
Base Station Interconnection
It is very common to solve the interconnection problem of GSM, CDMA, and PCS base stations through the digital microwave. At present, operators still set up a large number of base stations to solve the problem of calls in remote and underdeveloped areas, which are lacking communication infrastructure.
Base stations need 1-4 E1 transmission channels, in this case, capacity requirements are not large, and the use of wired transmission to do base station interconnection investment is too large. It is certainly more reasonable to solve the E1 transmission problem through wireless access.
In the chain-type network, it can be transmitted downward step by step through a point-to-point microwave, and the scheme is simple and practical.
Using a 5.8GHz wireless point-to-point microwave system has some advantages as follows.
The frequency band is open and easy to apply.
Abundant capacity, 1-4 E1s optional
OFDM technology, for the base station point which can’t be reached by sight distance, still can be accessed
Therefore, a 5.8GHz point-to-point microwave system is also increasingly used in this kind of solution.
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